Country     Austria Finland Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Norway Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden
Year     2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002
Definition Working group definition 1a         X X 41)    X X X      
National criteria 1b   X X X   25)    42)  X 44)      53)      X 59)  X
Number of museums according to type of collection total 2a   370 317 12)  6.059 154 26)  661 218 45)  274 48)  574 54)  548 103 1.137 198
of which 2b Art, archaeology and history museums 77 128 987 154 27)  197   200 207 211 58 537  
  2c Science and technology museums, ethnology museums 47 42   18)    155   14 151 113 11 242  
  2d Other museums 246 147 5.072   309   60 216 200 34 358  
Ownership state-owned museums 3a Total   39 491 154 28)  14 30 19 356   37 151 51
local-, regional-owned museums 3b Total   194 2.510   595 30 53     60 588 95
other public-owned museums 3c Total     387   38 19 187     1 31 52
private-owned museums 3d Total 189 84 2.671   14 74 9 218   5 367  
  3e Of which
ppp
    347     65       37 19  
Management state-managed museums 4a Total   39   154 14 30 19     60 85 51
local-, regional-managed museums 4b Total   194     595 16 53     1 615 95
other public-managed museums 4c Total         38 25 187     5 33 52
private-managed museums 4d Total 235 84     14 59 9       404 88
  4e Of which
ppp
          88         26  
Ownership of permanent collection Public ≤ 50% 5a     84     32)  14         98    
Public > 50% 5b     233   154 647         5    
Number of visits Total 6a   9.328.700 2)  4.774.768 101.218.801 4.059.950 29)  9.477.834   8.336.172 6.475.261 55)  11.114.000 4.313.703 42.882.944 15.230.000
Of which 6b free admissions
Total
1.943.000 1.857.079   1.107.713 31)  4.085.228   4.463.771     976.657 23.842.917 5.731.000
  6c free admissions
%
25,60 39,00   36,00 32)  43,10   46,00     23,00 55,60 38,00
  6d foreigners
Total
                    4.931.539  
  6e foreigners
%
                    11,50  
  6f temporary exhibitions
Total
                1.729.000      
  6g temporary exhibitions
%
                       
Staff Paid staff 7a Number
Total
2.906 3)    13)  19.490 19)    3.646 528 46)    2.871 56)    2.292 12.268 4.480
  7b Number
Of which
specialised
    16.144   998     1.307 56)  3.760 1.123 3.324 1.655
  7c FTES a year
Total
  2.139     3.646 528 46)  2.978     1.178    
  7d FTES a year
Of which
specialised
  861,00     998,00         916,00    
Volunteers 7e Number
Total
2.081 3)  800                 1.423  
  7f Number
Of which
specialised
    -                 330  
  7g FTES a year
Total
  16         137          
  7h FTES a year
Of which
specialised
    -                    
Admissions Total number of museums with paid admissions with a price of tickets (in EUR) 8a < 2,5,- 90 4)  104 1.877 57 33)    47     548 102 338 29
  8b 2,5 - 5,- 174 4)  144 773 37           -   155 66
  8c > 5,- 48 4)  27 98 10 34)            -   16 49
Number of museums 8d with free entrance 54 4)  29 1.786 8 14 43)    29     -   518 54
  8e with museum card       154           - 102    
Temporary exhibitions Total 9a     1.175 9.273       754 171 813 57)  1.497 3.229 1.343
Of which 9b Own production   576               893    
  9c Joined productions   163               655    
Expenditure (of museums) Total (In EUR) 10a   156.248.100 5)        35)  210.442.066   229.571.280     18.626.642    
Of which 10b Ordinary expenditures
Total
  133.919.735     210.287.389   218.287.907     18.018.935   163.476.000
  10c Ordinary expenditures
Of which
Staff
  62.172.031     105.611.450   116.647.878     6.964.770    
  10d Extraordinary expenditures
Total
        81.940   11.283.373     558.499    
  10e Extraordinary expenditures
Of which
for new Collections
        72.737         114.600    
Income (of museums) Total (in EUR) 11a   115.387.000 5)  133.919.735     210.442.066   236.900.908     17.149.758   331.937.000
Of which 11b Entry fees 15.649.900 6)  8.825.138     11.105.880   18.934.586     2.068.741   28.758.000
  11c Public subsidies 61.074.900 7)  102.139.535     609.376   160.681.385          
Public expenditure (for museums) Total (in EUR) 12a     102.139.535 997.400.000 20)    197.039.766   160.681.385     13.754.600   212.958.000
Of which 12b Investments         39.826.509   10.499.154     3.660.097    
Number of museums making use of computers Total number of museums equipped with at least one computer 13a   278 162 14)  2.107 21)    371   274 203   102 821  
Of which 13b for administrative purpose 225 162 1.888   37)  160   274     102 734  
  13c for visitor's information purposes (e.g. interactive gallery system) 145       45           588  
  13d having a database for electronic inventory 175 127 1.158 15 36)  48         95 238 145
  13e having an Internet access 193 162 595 154 37)  200     158   69 498  
Information - Diffusion - Education Number of museums possessing a web-site 14 Total 297 141 935 22)  130 38)  154         54 484 171
Number of museums possessing an own web-site 15a Total 193       - 154         13    
  15b Of wich
are updating themselves their web-site
        - 103         13    
Number of museums 16a connected to a museum portal
Total
  141         274     24 108  
  16b connected to a museum portal
Of which
connected to more than one museum portal
                  9 33  
  16c connected to (an)other portal(s)                   2    
Number of museums with at least one special museum education programme 17a Total   89   43 38   210       523  
  17b Of which
for school children
  74 2.510 23)  43 35   210 188     376  
  17c Of which
for ethnic minorities
  5 304   -             21  
  17d for senior citizens   10 1.119 1             159  
  17e for others       2 39)  3           312  
Museums per 100.000 inhabitants
on working group definition
18         1,40     6,00 5,50 2,00 58)  1,50   2,70
Museums per 100.000 inhabitants
on natioinal criteria
  19     6,10     6,61   6,00 2,30   1,50 2,80 2,20
Visits per 100.000 inhabitants
including free entries
  20     91.711,00   7.195,00 94.778,00   183.124,00 62.452,00 50.993,00 72.157,00 104.503,00 170.167,00
Visits per 100.000 inhabitants
excluding free entries
  21     56.042,00   11.330,00 53.926,00   85.066,00     56.602,00 46.554,00 99.950,00
Average number of visits per museum
according to working group definition
  22         15.170,00     30.423,00   20.281,00 47.926,00    
Average number of visits per museum
according to national criteria
  23     15.402,00 16.705,00   14.338,00   30.423,00 27.554,00     37.716,00 76.920,00
Staff per 100.000 inhabitants   24     41,00     36,46   68,70 31,20 17,00 58)  34,00 29,90 50,00
Expenditure per capita (in EUR)   25     25,70     57.718,00   52,00     2,70   36,90
Public Expenditure per 100.000 inhabitants (in EUR)   26     1.961.847,00 16)  1.216.653,00   1.970.397,00   3.529.752,00     197.566,00   2.365.672,00
Number of museums opened 200 days and more a year   27   243 8)  223 2.288 25 661   146 49)  228 548 102 676 184 61) 
Number of museums with more than 5.000 visits a year
including free entries
  28   149 9)  181 2.305 64 126   184 143   86 643 201 61) 
Number of museums necessary to reach 50 % of total visits (including free entries) 29a     29   154     20 12   14 40  
75 % of total visits (including free entries) 29b     80   154     60 37   37 143  
Number of museums employing at least 1 specialised staff 30     317 17)  2.704   481     50)  235   101 567  
Average price paid
(in EUR)
  31     3,10   2,90 0,48         0,60   1,90
Number of museums with at least one publication   32     80 3.430 24)    83     190   64 674 136
Number of museums with at least one publication on an electronic data carrier   33                     3    
Museum participation
Source: Eurobarometer 1)
  34   30,20 37,00 32,00 136,00 33,00 24,50 45,00 51)    10,00   36,40 60)  52,00
Population
Source: Eurostat
  35   8.063.640 5.194.901 82.440.309 10.968.708 10.174.853 3.899.702 4.524.066 10.368.404 21.833.483 5.378.951 40.964.244 8.909.128
Density inhabitants/km²
Source: Eurostat
  36   98,00 17,10 230,00 84,10 109,20 57,70 14,80 112,80 94,80 109,70 81,60 21,80
Purchasing Power Parity in EUR
Source: Eurostat
  37   127,000 115,000 114,000 91,000 61,000 139,000 155,000 52)  78,000 29,000 54,000 21,000 122,000


Blank spaces either imply that there is no data available or that the data is negligible or is equal to zero

-
nil or negligible
*
provisional or estimated statistical information
1) Eurostat surveys 2001 and 2003, if not otherwise indicated
2) out of 333 museums
3) Austria: Out of 332 museums
4) Austria: Out of 455 museums and museum-like institutions
5) Austria: Out of 184 museums
6) Austria: Out of 166 museums
7) Austria: Out of 127 museums
8) Austria: Out of 447 museums and museum-like institutions
9) Austria: Out of 333
10) Finland: The 2002 annual museum statistics cover 162 professionally-run museums. All museum sites maintained by these museums are included.
11) The annual museum statistics cover 317 museum sites including 162 professionally-run museums
12) Finland: The Finnish museum statistics cover the professionally-run museums only (total of 921 museums in 1995 (Statistics Finland: Cultural Statistics 1999)
13) Finland: Permanent full-time employees.
14) Finland: All professionnally-run museums have at least one computer but not all museum sites
15) Finland: Large public investments not included
16) Finland: Investments not included
17) Finland: The Finnish museum statistics cover 162 professionally-run museums responsible for 317 museum sites
18) This category is not applicable; in Germany Science and technology museums are split from ethnology museums
19) Estimation (Materialien 57)
20) Public expenditures for non-scientific museums, collections and exhibitions in 2000. Source: Kulturfinanzbericht 2000, Wiesbaden: Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 2001, p. 45.
21) Data from 1998
22) In 1999; in 1998: 827
23) In 1997
24) In 1999
25) Details cf page
26) The number given here represents solely the State Archæological and Byzantine Museums, which were in operation in 2002.
27) In the category “Archæological Museums” belong all the museums holding a) collections of prehistoric and classical antiquities (Archæological Museums ) and b) Byzantine collections (Byzantine Mseums). Regarding the other categories of State Museums, see foot-note no 11.
28) In principle, all the Archaeological Museums operate on a permanent basis; there are, however, few museums that remain closed for long period of time due to extensive works of refurbishment or structural problems in their building (e.g. Museum of Thasos, of Philippoi). We also note that in 2002-2003, nine archaeological museums closed temporarily, for longer or shorter periods of time (National Archaeological Museum, Museums of Delphi, Olympia, Volos, Ioannina, Thessaloniki, Kerameikos, Nafplion, Lemnos) for refurbishment, extensions, redisplay which have to be completed by June 2004.All the Byzantine Museums and Collections operate on a permanent basis, except the Prosphorion Tower at Ouranoupoli of Chalkidiki, and the Collection of Icons and Relics at Pyrgos (Thera), which are open only during
29) 1.943.549 + 2.116.401 ( 13 for Museums located within Archaeological sites)
30) 789.191 + 318.522 ( 12 for Museums located within Archaeological sites)
31) The free admissions are not counted in the major archaeological site & museum of Acropolis; therefore, it is not possible to estimate the total number of free admissions in the Archaeological Museums of Greece, as Acropolis is a very important museum to be disregarded in the final gathering of the data. Thus, you must take into account that the number of free admissions, as presented in this questionnaire, does not provide the whole picture.
32) provisional or estimated statistical information
33) This number corresponds to the number of all tickets (full, reduced and free admission), issued in 86 Archaeological & Byzantine Museums in 2002. The data for 13 major Archaeological Museums and Byzantine Collections located within archaeological sites and monuments (the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Ancient Agora, of Vravrona, of Eleusina, of Kerameikos, of Ancient Corinth, of Ancient Nemea, of Delos, of Vergina and Epidaurus, Byzantine Collection in the Castle of Corfu, Byzantine Collection in the Osios Loukas Monastery, Mystras Museum), are counted separately. This means that the number reflects the number of visitors visited the sites and possibly also the museums located within them. The number of visitors for 5 Byzantine Museums, where the admission is free, cannot be estimated with certainty, for these museums are not included in the Lists of the Archaeological Receipts Fund.
34) This number does not take into account the free admissions in museums located in archaeological sites. Therefore, it cannot be but an estimate of the total % of free admissions.
35) The structure of the Regional Services is such that it does not allow a straightforward account of the number of professionals, by category of occupation and specialization, for the scientific staff is entrusted both with field (archaeological excavation) and museum work.
36) According to the data collected for the year 2000.
37) If we exclude the eight (8) museums operating as separate Regional Units/Services, then the administrative structure of all other museums is the one of the Regional Services they belong to.
38) The web sites of the Greek Archaeological & Byzantine Museums are presented and managed through the main server of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture “OΔΥΣΣΕΑΣ» (www.culture.gr).
39) People with disabilities.
40) On the basis of the Act 140. of 1997: “On the protection of Cultural goods, Museum Institutions, Libraries and Archives”: 1. A museum is a museum institution consisting of on scientifically arranged collection of cultural goods. 2. The task of a museum is to continuously collect, register, preserve and restore a certain form of cultural goods and to scientifically research, publish and display such at exhibitions and in other manners. Cultural goods: any outstanding, characteristic products of the creation and development of animate and inanimate nature, humanity, the Hungarian nation and the history of the people of Hungary, be they in the form of physical objects, images, written documents or in any other form (audio, multimedia documents) as well as works of art. Museum institution: museums, museum collections of public interest and museum exhibition sites of public interest.
41) The definition currently being applied by the museum sector is the definition devised by the sector for the purposes of developing a national museum policy framework. This framework was developed by the Heritage Council in consultation with the sector. The definition is follows: “Museums are not for profit institutions that collect, safeguard, hold in trust, research, develop and interpret collections of original objects and original objects on loan, for the public benefit. They function publicly as places where people learn from and find inspiration and enjoyment through the display and research of original objects
42) National museums, specialised museums with national collection scope, county, district, thematic museums, exhibitions sites. Licence is given by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage.
43) permanent exhibitions of the national museums
44) The National Museum of Ireland is under the ægis of the Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism and regularly advises the Minister concerning museum issues. The Director of the National Museum of Ireland has a comprehensive range of legal powers and functions under Statute law which are relevant to museum operation in Ireland. There is statutory provision for the designation of museums in the ownership and control of local authorities under the terms of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997. Curators may also be designed to carry out certain functions of the Director of the National Museum under the terms of the National Monuments Acts 1930 to 1994. The representative body for the museum sector in Ireland id the Irish Museums Association. The Museums and Archives Committee of the Heritage Council is (the only body) charged with proposing policy, providing advice and providing grant aid and funding to the sector. The Council of National Cultural Institutions is a recent formed body (1997) which includes the Heritage Council, The national Museums, The National Gallery, The Arts Council, The Irish Museum of Modern Art and two others. The Local Authority Curators Group represents museum curators in this particular sector of the museum profession. The Designated Museums Liaison Committee meets regularly to provide dialogue and exchange of ideas and information between designated museums, the National Museum of Ireland and the Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism.
45) Referring to criteria sub 1a)
46) Number of full-staff is 1.724 including full-time, part-time, community employment schemes and voluntary workers.
47) The value concerns the number of museums with an inclusive price (all-in). In particular, in 2003, there are 36 circuits of museums, equal to 75 museums, and all the museums belonging to the same circuit are accessible with one price.
48) Statistical data in this questionnaire are collected from 274 museums that were open to the public and had at least one full-time employee in 2002.
49) 146 museums were opened 1.000 hours or more in 2002.
50) All 274 museums had at least 1 FTE, but profession is not registered.
51) National survay: population 9 – 79 years.
52) OECD figure 1999.
53) Portugal: 235 museums on national criteria, fulfilling the following 5 criteria: 1) existence, at least, one exhibition room or space; 2) opening for visitors, permanently or seasonally; 3) museum employing at least 1 specialized employee (existence of, at least one curator or advanced technician; 4) existence of budget and 5) existence of inventory.
54) Portugal: Museums that had answered to the INE
55) Portugal: The number of visits is from the museums on national criteria
56) Portugal: The data on Paid Staff is from the museums on national criteria
57) It represents the total number of exhibitions organized in museums in Romania in 2002. There are no specific data concerning the period of time for which the exhibitions were organized.
58) Romania had a general census on the 18th of March, 2002. The data of this chapter refers to those considered at the 1st of July, 2002. However, the number of museums, visits and staff was by the end of the year. Concerning staff, only the specialized staff was considered.
59) Spain: Definition National criteria. Both for-profit and non-for-profit institutions are considered. Museum Collections are included. See Spain National Report. February 2024 for further details.
60) Spain. Source: Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices in Spain 2002-2003. Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Spain.
61) Data from 2000.