Country | Austria | Bulgaria | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | Germany | Hungary | Italy | Latvia | Lithuania | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Slovak Republic | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | The Netherlands | |||
Year | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | |||
Definition | Working group definition | 1a | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
National criteria | 1b | X | X | X 15) | X | X | X | X 23) | X | 29) | X 30) | X | X | X 31) | ||||||||||
Number of museums according to type of collection | total | 2a | 553 2) | 195 | 484 | 227 | 246 | 326 15) | 6.712 | 745 | 453 | 151 | 103 | 944 | 684 | 761 | 141 35) | 158 | 97 | 1.504 | 301 | 1.133 | 694 | |
of which | 2b | Art, archaeology and history museums | 158 | 149 | 101 | 59 | 1.214 | 281 | 271 | 262 | 62 36) | 63 | 740 | 99 | 321 | 496 | ||||||||
2c | Science and technology museums, ethnology museums | 59 | 17 | 52 | 22 | 20) | 141 | 176 | 242 | 12 37) | 45 | 381 | 26 | 226 | 158 | |||||||||
2d | Other museums | 336 | 29 | 331 | 165 | 5.498 | 522 | 237 | 257 | 67 38) | 50 | 383 | 176 | 585 | 40 | |||||||||
Ownership | state-owned museums | 3a | Total | 36 | 25 | 30 | 5 | 78 | 16 16) | 431 | 113 | 453 | 41 | 19 | 76 | 506 | 77 | 13 | 57 | 172 | 30 | 61 | ||
local-, regional-owned museums | 3b | Total | 252 | 166 | 350 | 17 | 86 | 213 16) | 2.585 | 485 | 95 | 54 | 605 | 592 | 115 | 84 | 861 | 80 | ||||||
other public-owned museums | 3c | Total | 1 | 4 | 48 | 9 16) | 441 | 36 | 10 | 22 | 70 | 8 | 32 | 33 | ||||||||||
private-owned museums | 3d | Total | 264 | 56 | 205 | 82 | 88 16) | 2.995 | 111 | 5 | 8 | 193 | 178 | 92 | 4 | 18 | 439 | 40 | 633 | |||||
3e | Of which ppp |
260 | 1 | 13 | 33 | 4 | 694 | |||||||||||||||||
Management | state-managed museums | 4a | Total | 3 | 30 | 70 | 16 16) | 113 | 453 | 41 | 19 | 13 | 57 | 97 | 47 | |||||||||
local-, regional-managed museums | 4b | Total | 162 | 350 | 86 | 213 16) | 485 | 95 | 54 | 115 | 84 | 879 | 105 | |||||||||||
other public-managed museums | 4c | Total | 56 | 48 | 8 | 9 16) | 36 | 10 | 22 | 8 | 60 | |||||||||||||
private-managed museums | 4d | Total | 332 | 56 | 82 | 88 16) | 111 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 18 | 468 | 160 | |||||||||||
4e | Of which ppp |
1 | 13 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ownership of permanent collection | Public ≤ 50% | 5a | 5 | 18 | 602 | |||||||||||||||||||
Public > 50% | 5b | 195 | 136 | 141 | 92 | |||||||||||||||||||
Number of visits | Total | 6a | 18.172.165 | 5.229.606 | 13.071.769 | 16.185.412 | 3.456.886 | 6.687.069 | 111.877.085 | 10.395.847 | 45.383.873 | 3.534.066 | 3.981.126 | 36.081.555 | 15.532.379 | 14.196.944 | 1.955.544 | 5.420.691 | 3.236.504 | 59.909.098 | 28.060.031 | 13.072.239 32) | 34.357.000 | |
Of which | 6b | free admissions Total |
3.098.498 | 1.222.540 | 3.634.190 | 771.815 | 3.443.343 | 4.115.153 | 22.818.256 | 1.273.648 | 13.749.059 | 5.275.691 | 3.954.295 | 835.226 | 1.615.716 | 38.341.823 | 6.072.000 | |||||||
6c | free admissions % |
19,18 3) | 23,40 | 27,80 | 22,33 | 51,50 | 39,58 | 50,30 | 36,00 | 38,00 | 34,00 | 42,70 | 29,81 | 64,00 | 18,00 | |||||||||
6d | foreigners Total |
1.008.888 | 2.703.166 | 1.246.157 | 1.961.195 | 273.939 21) | 6.696.930 | 775.672 | 7.488.637 | 9.672.000 | ||||||||||||||
6e | foreigners % |
19,30 | 20,68 | 36,00 | 18,86 | 7,80 22) | 7,00 | 43,10 | 12,50 | 28,00 | ||||||||||||||
6f | temporary exhibitions Total |
8.923.914 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
6g | temporary exhibitions % |
57,50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Staff | Paid staff | 7a | Number Total |
5.845 4) | 3.150 | 5.894 | 2.340 | 6.873 | 2.005 | 3.288 | 15.775 | 3.962 | 6.915 | 2.618 | 3.030 | 14.726 | 9.986 | |||||||
7b | Number Of which specialised |
1.852 5) | 1.927 | 2.933 | 1.769 | 2.034 | 930 | 1.219 | 6.775 | 2.420 | 3.683 | 1.332 | 4.577 | |||||||||||
7c | FTES a year Total |
5.894 | 2.630 | 2.328 | 5.831 | 6.874 | ||||||||||||||||||
7d | FTES a year Of which specialised |
2.933,00 | 1.225,00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Volunteers | 7e | Number Total |
3.508 | 962 | 463 | 1.763 | 703 | 2.779 | 535 | 115 | 225 | 1.031 | 34.895 | |||||||||||
7f | Number Of which specialised |
624 | 117 | 956 24) | 442 | 315 | ||||||||||||||||||
7g | FTES a year Total |
25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
7h | FTES a year Of which specialised |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Admissions | Total number of museums with paid admissions with a price of tickets (in EUR) | 8a | < 2,5,- | 18 | 150 | 3 17) | 928 | 86 | 328 | |||||||||||||||
8b | 2,5 - 5,- | 151 | 17 | 33 17) | 1.326 | 26 | 416 | |||||||||||||||||
8c | > 5,- | 265 | 89 17) | 606 | 6 | 113 | ||||||||||||||||||
Number of museums | 8d | with free entrance | 118 6) | 28 | 47 | 25 18) | 1.557 | 206 | 31 | 647 | 129 | 58 | ||||||||||||
8e | with museum card | 395 | 423 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Temporary exhibitions | Total | 9a | 819 | 2.316 | 4.101 | 1.551 | 1.024 | 8.546 | 1.864 | 1.180 | 1.881 | 5.563 | 3.088 | 879 | 1.498 | 986 | 4.359 | 1.629 33) | 2.323 | |||||
Of which | 9b | Own production | 1.193 | 2.693 | 1.235 | 514 | 3.696 | 2.087 | 531 | 1.115 | ||||||||||||||
9c | Joined productions | 1.123 | 1.408 | 312 | 217 | 332 | 1.001 | 348 | ||||||||||||||||
Expenditure (of museums) | Total (In EUR) | 10a | 341.604.348 7) | 26.949.687 | 179.240.015 | 50.140.684 | 249.801.744 | 160.898.702 | 39.783.769 | 52.757.844 | 70.581.097 | 45.996.638 | 547.000.000 | 1.069.000.000 | ||||||||||
Of which | 10b | Ordinary expenditures Total |
49.505.522 | 249.801.744 | 34.460.444 | 65.679.595 | 588.000.000 | |||||||||||||||||
10c | Ordinary expenditures Of which Staff |
24.407.120 | 106.306.265 | 66.826.025 | 19.566.355 | 31.265.128 | 440.000.000 | |||||||||||||||||
10d | Extraordinary expenditures Total |
738.580 | 635.162 | 5.323.325 | 4.901.502 | |||||||||||||||||||
10e | Extraordinary expenditures Of which for new Collections |
118.378 | 2.047.968 | 635.162 | 5.141.674 19) | 363.270 | 1.011.425 | 975.134 | 41.000.000 | |||||||||||||||
Income (of museums) | Total (in EUR) | 11a | 338.765.274 8) | 28.824.682 | 179.377.920 | 75.240.054 | 249.801.744 | 212.242.468 | 173.440.744 | 39.812.793 | 52.757.844 | 62.453.062 | 46.394.771 | 537.600.000 | 1.055.000.000 | |||||||||
Of which | 11b | Entry fees | 81.746.515 9) | 3.932.137 | 8.072.491 | 19.643.555 | 12.968.555 | 4.673.198 | 8.393.300 | 6.953.071 | 53.760.000 | 229.000.000 | ||||||||||||
11c | Public subsidies | 186.937.144 10) | 21.985.780 | 43.699.449 | 188.548.759 | 146.384.499 | 32.172.839 | 49.486.597 | 37.213.692 | 522.000.000 | ||||||||||||||
Public expenditure (for museums) | Total (in EUR) | 12a | 21.985.780 | 173.820.207 | 43.699.449 | 188.548.759 | 146.397.679 | 32.172.839 | 275.100.943 26) | 49.486.597 | 513.000.000 | |||||||||||||
Of which | 12b | Investments | 36.694.856 | 20.873.509 | 295.552 | 183.860.377 26) | ||||||||||||||||||
Number of museums making use of computers | Total number of museums equipped with at least one computer | 13a | 406 | 192 | 171 | 154 18) | 600 | 145 | 35 | 1.427 | ||||||||||||||
Of which | 13b | for administrative purpose | 343 | 187 | 171 | 154 18) | 143 | 97 | 1.210 | |||||||||||||||
13c | for visitor's information purposes (e.g. interactive gallery system) | 216 | 76 | 122 | 51 | 201 | 84 | 524 | ||||||||||||||||
13d | having a database for electronic inventory | 281 | 141 | 99 | 127 | 97 | 731 | |||||||||||||||||
13e | having an Internet access | 300 | 187 | 162 | 154 18) | 405 | 145 | 23 | 97 | 782 | ||||||||||||||
Information - Diffusion - Education | Number of museums possessing a web-site | 14 | Total | 439 | 208 | 154 18) | 303 | 453 | 100 | 822 | 122 | 97 | 1.313 | 694 | ||||||||||
Number of museums possessing an own web-site | 15a | Total | 358 | 123 | 443 | 97 | 720 | 694 | ||||||||||||||||
15b | Of wich are updating themselves their web-site |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of museums | 16a | connected to a museum portal Total |
154 18) | 218 | 266 | |||||||||||||||||||
16b | connected to a museum portal Of which connected to more than one museum portal |
99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16c | connected to (an)other portal(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of museums with at least one special museum education programme | 17a | Total | 482 | 138 | 249 | 153 | 612 | 122 | 95 | 588 25) | 137 | 888 | 534 | |||||||||||
17b | Of which for school children |
137 | 216 | 172 | 545 | 350 | 126 | 823 | 645 | |||||||||||||||
17c | Of which for ethnic minorities |
25 | 15 | 85 | 62 | |||||||||||||||||||
17d | for senior citizens | 69 | 112 | 314 | 417 | |||||||||||||||||||
17e | for others | 27 | 88 | 134 | 67 | 201 | 492 | 56 | ||||||||||||||||
Museums per 100.000 inhabitants on working group definition |
18 | 8,55 | 2,70 | 4,60 | 18,70 | 0,75 | 7,60 | 6,60 | 2,91 | |||||||||||||||
Museums per 100.000 inhabitants on natioinal criteria |
19 | 2,70 | 5,90 16) | 7,60 | 7,60 | 3,57 | 2,46 | 3,90 | 2,00 | 2,31 | 4,70 | 3,20 | 13,50 | 4,10 | ||||||||||
Visits per 100.000 inhabitants including free entries |
20 | 207.924,12 | 73.369,00 | 123.724,00 | 262.723,23 | 121.510,00 | 106.037,00 | 74.810,00 | 179.489,00 | 137.824,00 | 93,96 | 150.428,00 | 27,71 | 99.987,86 | 156,66 | 128.987,04 | 202.351,00 | |||||||
Visits per 100.000 inhabitants excluding free entries |
21 | 172.471,41 11) | 56.217,00 | 204.065,31 | 58.942,00 | 64.063,00 | 114.803,00 | 58,16 | 99.334,00 | 15,87 | 70.185,02 | 46.435,00 | 166.590,00 | |||||||||||
Average number of visits per museum according to working group definition |
22 | 33.966,66 12) | 26.818,00 | 27.008,00 | 14.052,38 | 100.185,00 | 23.404,00 | 56.620,00 | ||||||||||||||||
Average number of visits per museum according to national criteria |
23 | 26.818,00 | 21.853,00 16) | 13.954,00 | 23.404,00 | 38.652,00 | 38.221,98 | 38.352,00 | 13.869,00 | 38.611,00 | 33,37 | 40.452,00 | 11.538,00 34) | 49.506,00 | ||||||||||
Staff per 100.000 inhabitants | 24 | 118,59 | 44,20 | 55,80 | 177,84 | 47,80 | 69,40 | 102,00 | 114,00 | 41,08 | 41,60 | 48,29 | 147,00 | 31,70 | 59,00 | |||||||||
Expenditure per capita (in EUR) | 25 | 39,09 | 3,80 | 16,96 | 38,11 | 45,40 | 0,06 | 20,20 | 12,11 | 22,30 | 63,00 | |||||||||||||
Public Expenditure per 100.000 inhabitants (in EUR) | 26 | 308.450,00 | 1.645.201,00 | 3.321.156,80 | 3.426.105,00 | 1.634.004,00 | 716.408,71 26) | 912.809,85 | 3.021.358,00 | |||||||||||||||
Number of museums opened 200 days and more a year | 27 | 248 | 185 | 380 | 163 | 169 16) | 441 | 123 | 393 | 141 | 1.329 | 461 | ||||||||||||
Number of museums with more than 5.000 visits a year including free entries |
28 | 223 | 117 | 247 | 99 | 189 16) | 2.129 | 280 | 289 | 88 | 76 | 583 | 265 | 114 | 847 | 312 | 480 | |||||||
Number of museums necessary to reach | 50 % of total visits (including free entries) | 29a | 9 | 15 | 21 16) | 372 | 17 | 70 | 18 | 49 | 32 | |||||||||||||
75 % of total visits (including free entries) | 29b | 35 | 39 | 67 16) | 559 | 57 | 105 | 43 | 167 | 97 | ||||||||||||||
Number of museums employing at least 1 specialised staff | 30 | 209 13) | 191 | 286 | 148 | 154 18) | 287 | 126 | 92 | 405 | 134 | 1.489 | ||||||||||||
Average price paid (in EUR) |
31 | 7,30 14) | 2,55 | 7,19 | 2,07 | 2,83 27) | 2,21 | 3,65 | 6,00 | |||||||||||||||
Number of museums with at least one publication | 32 | 206 | 119 | 161 | 113 | 75 18) | 298 | 66 | 73 | 475 | 61 | 39 | 899 | |||||||||||
Number of museums with at least one publication on an electronic data carrier | 33 | 61 | 11 | 91 | 278 | |||||||||||||||||||
Museum participation Source: Eurobarometer 1) |
34 | 41,10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Population Source: Eurostat |
35 | 8.700.471 | 7.153.784 | 10.565.284 | 5.707.251 | 1.315.790 | 5.503.297 | 82.175.684 | 9.830.485 | 60.665.551 | 1.968.957 | 2.888.558 | 37.967.209 | 10.325.452 | 19.760.314 | 7.076.372 | 5.421.349 | 2.065.895 | 46.440.099 | 9.747.355 | 8.419.550 | 16.979.120 | ||
Density inhabitants/km² Source: Eurostat |
36 | 106,00 | 64,80 | 134,00 | 136,40 | 30,30 | 18,00 | 233,10 | 106,00 | 201,00 | 32,00 | 44,20 | 123,00 28) | 111,80 | 85,70 | 111,50 | 102,50 | 24,40 | 210,10 | 504,00 | ||||
Purchasing Power Parity in EUR Source: Eurostat |
37 | 128,000 | 49,000 | 124,000 | 74,000 | 123,000 | 59,600 | 0,982 | 69,000 | 59,000 | 36,000 | 77,000 | 76,000 | 92,000 | 123,000 | 160,000 | 110,000 |
Blank spaces either imply that there is no data available or that the data is negligible or is equal to zero
- -
- nil or negligible
- *
- provisional or estimated statistical information
1) Eurostat surveys 2001 and 2003, if not otherwise indicated
2) Austria: The number of extant units (registered museums) in 2016 is 747. However, 194 units did not participate in the survey.
3) Austria: Not taking into account unknown admission status in the denominator.
4) Austria: plus 779 freelancers.
5) Austria: plus 415 freelancers.
6) Austria: Incuding museums which ask for a voluntary contribution.
7) Austria: Number of reporting units (which may comprise more than one museum): 263 out of 483.
8) Austria: Units (which may comprise more than one museum): 315 out of 483.
9) Austria: Number of reporting units (which may comprise more than one museum): 287 out of 483.
10) Austria: Units (which may comprise more than one museum): 288 out of 483.
11) Austria: Inclusive visits with unknown admission status.
12) Austria: Not taking into account museums with unknown number of visits in the denominator.
13) Austria: Out of 468 organisational units (comprising partly more than one museum) which reported staff figures.
14) Austria: The ratio is based only on units, for which both 'income from entries' and 'payment status of visitors' is known.
15) Finland: The statistics cover 154 professionally-run museums (administrative units) maintaining 326 museum sites.
16) Finland: Answers by museum sites (326)
17) Finland: Admission fees for the main site of a museum
18) Finland: Answers by administrative units (154)
19) Finland: Included in the ordinary expenditures
20) This category is not applicable; in Germany Science and technology museums are split from ethnology museums
21) Latvia: 273.393 (in groups only)
22) Latvia: 7,8 % (in groups only)
23) Definition: A museum is a non-profit organisational unit the aim of which is to collect and preserve natural and cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, to inform about the values and contents of its collections, to promote fundamental values of the Polish and world history, science and culture, to develop cognitive and aesthetic sensitivity and provide access to the collected holdings. (The Act on Museums of 21 November 1996) The term “museum” is not a protected designation in Poland. Every time when number of museums are mentioned data includes branches.
24) Given data is about professional staff, which doesn’t have to refer to formal education in the subject.
25) As there is no definition on education programme, number above refers to museums which conduct education lessons.
26) Data: Ministry of Finance Including transfers to local self-government entities and transfers between local self-government entities.
27) Estimation made on the basis of results of Museum Statistics Project (conducted by National Institute for Museums and Public Collections). Data for 189 museums (without branches).
28) Source: Central Statistical Office of Poland
29) According to National criteria: 125
30) Slovenia: In 2015-2016 Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia underwent a revision of cultural statistics, which introduced a new methodology for collection of statistics in this field. Therefore, the data from 2016 onwards are incomparable with the data up to 2015. In this context, a backward revision of the data (up to 2004) was also carried out.
31) The Netherlands: ICOM-defintion: All registered museums are included. Unregistered museums that meet a number of criteria based on the ICOM definition are also included in the population. These criteria are: - the museum has a fixed location, is permanently open and is at least 28 weeks a year and three days a week, accessible; - the museum is a non- profit organisation; - the museum has its own collection and is researching this collection; - the museum has a website or is accessible through a larger on line platform. Also some museums are included in the populatiion that do not meet these criteria, but are seen as a (major) museum by the public. They are classified as an expection to the rule. These new criteria are applied since 2015. So this means a break in the series form previous years. The number of museums counted changed from 799 (in 2013 to 6925 (in 2015)
32) Switzerland: +/-379132
33) Switzerland: +/-63
34) Switzerland: +/-336
35) Serbia: There are 152 in total, but 141 completed the form and were included in the analysis.
36) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: 1. Special (art) 2. Special (socio-historical)
37) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: 1. Special (economic - technical) 2. Special (natural history)
38) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: Complex museums
2) Austria: The number of extant units (registered museums) in 2016 is 747. However, 194 units did not participate in the survey.
3) Austria: Not taking into account unknown admission status in the denominator.
4) Austria: plus 779 freelancers.
5) Austria: plus 415 freelancers.
6) Austria: Incuding museums which ask for a voluntary contribution.
7) Austria: Number of reporting units (which may comprise more than one museum): 263 out of 483.
8) Austria: Units (which may comprise more than one museum): 315 out of 483.
9) Austria: Number of reporting units (which may comprise more than one museum): 287 out of 483.
10) Austria: Units (which may comprise more than one museum): 288 out of 483.
11) Austria: Inclusive visits with unknown admission status.
12) Austria: Not taking into account museums with unknown number of visits in the denominator.
13) Austria: Out of 468 organisational units (comprising partly more than one museum) which reported staff figures.
14) Austria: The ratio is based only on units, for which both 'income from entries' and 'payment status of visitors' is known.
15) Finland: The statistics cover 154 professionally-run museums (administrative units) maintaining 326 museum sites.
16) Finland: Answers by museum sites (326)
17) Finland: Admission fees for the main site of a museum
18) Finland: Answers by administrative units (154)
19) Finland: Included in the ordinary expenditures
20) This category is not applicable; in Germany Science and technology museums are split from ethnology museums
21) Latvia: 273.393 (in groups only)
22) Latvia: 7,8 % (in groups only)
23) Definition: A museum is a non-profit organisational unit the aim of which is to collect and preserve natural and cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, to inform about the values and contents of its collections, to promote fundamental values of the Polish and world history, science and culture, to develop cognitive and aesthetic sensitivity and provide access to the collected holdings. (The Act on Museums of 21 November 1996) The term “museum” is not a protected designation in Poland. Every time when number of museums are mentioned data includes branches.
24) Given data is about professional staff, which doesn’t have to refer to formal education in the subject.
25) As there is no definition on education programme, number above refers to museums which conduct education lessons.
26) Data: Ministry of Finance Including transfers to local self-government entities and transfers between local self-government entities.
27) Estimation made on the basis of results of Museum Statistics Project (conducted by National Institute for Museums and Public Collections). Data for 189 museums (without branches).
28) Source: Central Statistical Office of Poland
29) According to National criteria: 125
30) Slovenia: In 2015-2016 Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia underwent a revision of cultural statistics, which introduced a new methodology for collection of statistics in this field. Therefore, the data from 2016 onwards are incomparable with the data up to 2015. In this context, a backward revision of the data (up to 2004) was also carried out.
31) The Netherlands: ICOM-defintion: All registered museums are included. Unregistered museums that meet a number of criteria based on the ICOM definition are also included in the population. These criteria are: - the museum has a fixed location, is permanently open and is at least 28 weeks a year and three days a week, accessible; - the museum is a non- profit organisation; - the museum has its own collection and is researching this collection; - the museum has a website or is accessible through a larger on line platform. Also some museums are included in the populatiion that do not meet these criteria, but are seen as a (major) museum by the public. They are classified as an expection to the rule. These new criteria are applied since 2015. So this means a break in the series form previous years. The number of museums counted changed from 799 (in 2013 to 6925 (in 2015)
32) Switzerland: +/-379132
33) Switzerland: +/-63
34) Switzerland: +/-336
35) Serbia: There are 152 in total, but 141 completed the form and were included in the analysis.
36) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: 1. Special (art) 2. Special (socio-historical)
37) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: 1. Special (economic - technical) 2. Special (natural history)
38) Serbia: Types in Serbian classification: Complex museums